Migration is a remarkable natural phenomenon that has fascinated scientists and birdwatchers for centuries. While many birds embark on migratory journeys across continents, others choose to stay put, even during the harshest winters.
At Feather Friendly, we celebrate the contributions of both migratory and non-migratory birds to our ecosystems and economy. This blog explores the reasons behind some birds’ decision to forgo migration, answers questions like ‘why do birds migrate?’ and ‘what birds don’t fly south for the winter?’ and provides tips for making our environments more bird-friendly year-round.
Why do birds migrate?
Migration is primarily driven by resource availability and climate. When food and shelter become scarce in colder months, many bird species head south to regions where they can find sustenance.
While this phenomenon is not fully understood, the urge to migrate can also be brought on by changes in day length, temperatures, food supplies, and genetic makeup.
On the other hand, some birds are "permanent residents," i.e., they stay in the same area throughout the year. They are equipped to endure winter conditions by utilizing local resources year-round. They adapt their behaviours, diets, and habitats to survive without migrating.
For example, the Ruby-throated Hummingbird travels thousands of miles to escape the cold, while birds like Black-capped Chickadees and Northern Cardinals remain steadfast through the seasons. Their ability to stay put highlights fascinating adaptations that allow them to thrive despite harsh conditions.
Common winter residents in North America
Here are a few examples of non-migratory birds you might encounter in North America during the winter:
Black-capped Chickadees
These small, agile birds are known for their cheerful demeanor and intricate calls. Chickadees have an extraordinary ability to store food in numerous locations, which they remember even months later. Their acrobatic foraging skills make them a delight to watch in wooded areas and nature preserves. Do chickadees migrate? No - they're year-round residents in most regions that they inhabit!
Downy Woodpeckers
A familiar sight in forests and residential areas, Downy Woodpeckers are year-round foragers. During winter, males and females often separate to forage in different locations. Their drumming on trees is a signature sound of the season.
Northern Cardinals
With their vibrant red plumage, Northern Cardinals add a vibrant colour to snowy landscapes. Unlike most female songbirds, female cardinals sing, often communicating with their partners through distinct calls.
This might make you ask, ‘Do American Robins migrate?’ Some do, but the Cardinals are a more consistent winter presence!
Northern Saw-whet Owls
These small, nocturnal raptors are year-round residents in some parts of their range, including dense forests in North America. Northern Saw-whet Owls are adept hunters, preying on small mammals. Their quiet presence and distinctive high-pitched calls make them a fascinating example of non-migratory raptors.
How to support resident birds during winter
Non-migratory birds face their own challenges, including habitat loss, predation, and collisions with untreated glass.
In fact, all kinds of human activity can adversely impact bird populations, but there are steps we can take that can help birds thrive:
Install window collision deterrents
Glass collisions are a leading cause of bird deaths, even for non-migratory species. Feather Friendly markers can be installed to make glass visible to birds and prevent fatal accidents. Many birds stay close to food sources, bringing them near dangerous glass surfaces such as reflective windows. Installing Feather Friendly Medium-scale Pro DIY or Small-scale DIY markers will keep them safe year-round.
Reduce light pollution
Artificial light at night disrupts birds’ natural behaviours. Light pollution can also disorient other species, and it is well-documented that even our sleep is disrupted by exposure to artificial light at night. Turning off unnecessary lights at night can help birds navigate their environment more safely.
Provide food and shelter
Supporting birds is as easy as offering species-specific feeders and food. For smaller winter songbirds, consider seeds and suet. Research which foods are best for your local birds to ensure they get the nutrition they need. Additionally, consider adding native plants to your community for natural shelter and foraging opportunities.
Make every season Feather Friendly
Both migratory and local birds play vital roles in maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance. Non-migratory species, in particular, remind us of the importance of year-round conservation efforts.
By taking small steps within our homes and communities, we can create safe havens for these feathered friends.
Don’t wait to act before another bird falls victim to glass. Do your bit now and make your windows Feather Friendly for generations!
